从马来西亚沉船事件看海洋旅游沉船事故的应急管理

Malaysia's Shipwreck and Emergency Management of the Shipwrecks in Marine Tourism

随着社会经济的发展,人们的旅游需要日益多元化,其中海洋观光旅游和通过船舶运输为载体的旅游成为新兴旅游形式。海洋观光旅游和船舶旅游在满足人们旅游需求的同时,也带来了诸多安全问题。近十年来,国内外海洋旅游沉船事故多发、频发,并呈现增长趋势,给海洋经济的发展造成损失。通过借助复杂系统事故因果(Reason)模型,对"1·28"马来西亚沉船事故进行个案研究,可以看到现阶段发展中国家沉船事故应急管理普遍存在不足。事前加强安全管理和应急能力建设、提高风险识别和预防能力;事中强化多方救援力量协调联动、吸纳民间志愿力量壮大救援队伍;事后妥善安抚游客及其家属、恢复旅游企业及当地形象应是加强应急管理的应有之义。

With the economic grows,people's demand for travel presents a trend of diversification.In recent years sea sightseeing or tourism by sea shipping become a new form of tourism.But it also inevitably causes more safety issues.In the last decade,shipwrecks in marine travel have constantly happened at home and abroad,caused irreparable damage to the development of marine economy.By researching on'1·28'Malaysia shipwreck,we can know that most developing countries are lack of effective emergency management in marine tourism,and need to take potent measures to avoid the occurrence of more accidents.