离子液体催化制备生物柴油研究进展

Recent Advances in Preparation of Biodiesel Using Ionic Liquids as Catalysts

生物柴油由于具有环保、可再生、良好的润滑性与稳定性等优良特征,已逐渐成为汽油、柴油等传统石化燃料的替代品。目前,生物柴油的制备过程中所采用的催化剂多为固体酸碱、液体酸碱等传统非均相与均相催化剂,虽然可以得到较高收率的生物柴油,但此类传统催化剂在使用过程中会造成设备腐蚀、废水处理等与环境、经济相关的问题。离子液体因具有结构可设计性、不易挥发、良好的化学稳定性、无污染以及易回收等优点,可作为一种应用于生物柴油制备的新型高效绿色环保催化剂。结合近几年离子液体在生物柴油合成领域的最新研究,综述了不同种类离子液体催化制备生物柴油的应用进展。

Biodiesel,which is stable,lubricating,and has the advantages of environmental protection and regeneration,is becoming a substitute for traditional fossil fuels such as petrol and diesel.Traditional catalysts,such as solid and liquid acid/alkali,have been used in the preparation of biodiesel until now.The biodiesel with high yield can be obtained by using traditional catalysts,whereas there are negative impacts on manufacturing equipment,environmental protection and economic benefits owing to the causticity.In the meantime,the ionic liquid,a kind of substance with wide liquid range,negligible vapor pressure,high catalytic activity,excellent chemical and thermal stability,potential recoverability,design possibilities,and ease of separation of the products from reactants,has been proposed as a new type of high-effect catalysts recently,and can be widely used in the field of biodiesel due to the advantages mentioned above.In this work,based on the application of ionic liquids in the synthesis of biodiesel,the different impacts on the esterification of fatty acid to biodiesel with different kinds of ionic liquids are elaborated and some suggestions about solving the existing issues of ionic liquids are put forward.