屋顶绿化适用栽培基质材料保水特性比较研究

Comparative Study on Water Retention Characteristics of Roof Greening Media

为筛选适用于屋顶绿化的栽培基质材料并研究其关键物理特性,选用10种栽培基质材料,测定其容重、持水量、孔隙度、吸水率、失水率、渗透率等物理特性,运用矩阵法对各基质材料进行综合评价。结果表明,菇渣和珍珠岩干容重最小,稻壳炭、椰糠、鸡粪次之,珍珠岩、轻石、陶粒、鸡粪以及菇渣的湿容重较小,木屑炭、蛭石、泥炭土和椰糠湿容重均较大;椰糠的持水量最大,泥炭土、稻壳炭、菇渣次之,最小持水量也处在较高水平;椰糠的总孔隙度最大,泥炭土、稻壳炭、菇渣次之;椰糠、蛭石、珍珠岩、生物炭的吸水速率明显高于其他基质,椰糠、稻壳炭、蛭石、鸡粪的保水性能优于其他基质;采用矩阵法综合评价,得出椰糠的综合评分最高,泥炭土次之。屋顶绿化适用的轻质保水栽培基质材料的选择建议以椰糠、泥炭土、鸡粪、珍珠岩、稻壳炭、菇渣进行配比应用。

In order to select the media that are suitable for growing greening plants in building roof,and to study their key physical properties, 10 culture materials were tested. The volume weight,water holding ca- pacity,porosity,water absorption,water loss,permeability and other physical properties were measured by standard methods. The matrix method was adopted to conduct the evaluation of the media tested. The re- suits showed that the mushroom-culturing residue and perlite exhibited the smallest dry bulk density, while rice husk carbon,coconut chaff and chicken manure took the second place. The wet bulk density of perlite, pumice, ceramsite, chicken manure and mushroom-culturing residue was small, and sawdust carbon, vermic- ulite, peat soil and coconut chaff showed bigger wet bulk density. The water holding capacity of coconut chaff was the highest, peat soil, rice husk carbon and mushroom-culturing residue took the second place, and the minimum water holding capacity was still at a high level. The total porosity of coconut chaff was the largest,peat soil,rice husk carbon and mushroom-culturing residue were the second. The water absorp- tion rate of coconut chaff, vermiculite, perlite, sawdust carbon were significantly higher than the other media. The water retention rates of coconut husk, rice husk carbon, vermiculite and chicken manure were better than other media. Matrix method indicated that comprehensive grade of coconut husk was the high- est, followed by peat soil. Coconut husk,peat soil, chicken manure, perlite, rice husk carbon and mushroom- culturing residue were recommended were recommended to formulate light roof green media.