明代“吃”字式与“被”字式比较研究

A Comparative Study of Passive Sentences “Chi” and “Bei” in the Ming Dynasty

明代是"吃"字式与"被"字式虚化程度较高的时期。经对明代三部文献——《水浒全传》《西游记》《金瓶梅词话》中"吃"字式与"被"字式的调查,发现"吃"字式与"被"字式不仅结构类型有差异,相同结构类型的内部组成成分也呈现较多不同,"被"字式比"吃"字式虚化程度高,且两者在北方方言中比在南方方言中应用广泛。总结其原因,可能与"吃"字式与"被"字式的产生来源、年代有关。

In the Ming dynasty , the passive sentence ＂Chi（吃）＂ and ＂Bei（被）＂has already grammatical- ized higher than before. After investigation, three of the representative of the Ming dynasty literature -- Shuihu Complete Biography, Journey to the West, Jin Ping Mei Ci Hua, the passive sentence ＂Chi（吃）＂ and ＂Bei（被）＂ not only have differences in the type structure, but also in the internal components of the same structure. The passive sentence ＂bei＂is grammaticalized higher than ＂chi＇, they are used widely in the north dialect. The reason may be related to the origin and ages of the ＂Chi（吃）＂ and ＂Bei（被）＂.