间充质干细胞介导的肺损伤修复多重效应

The multiple-effect: mesenchymal stem cell-mediated lung repair

间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)是成体干细胞内的一类不均质细胞,对多种疾患具有显著的临床疗效,包括对肺损伤的修复。尽管MSCs具有自我增殖和多向分化的潜能,但目前认为MSCs主要是通过旁分泌效应实现组织更新和修复。在肺损伤修复时,MSCs通过调节机体免疫系统和促进内皮细胞及上皮细胞的再生实现。最近研究显示,MSCs在组织修复过程中参与了线粒体的转移和囊泡脱落,而且MSCs是肺上皮干细胞池的组成成分,在环境改变与干细胞反应的信息整合中起到重要作用。阐述MSCs治疗肺损伤的机制,展望其治疗潜能。

Mesenchymal stem cells（ MSCs）,a heterogeneous subset of adult stem cells,have surfaced as potential therapeutic units with significant clinical benefit for a wide spectrum of disease conditions, including those affecting the lung. Although MSCs carry both self-renewal and multilineage differentiation abilities,current dogma holds that MSCs mainly contribute to tissue regeneration and repair by modulating the host tissue via secreted cues. Thus,the therapeutic benefit of MSCs is thought to derive from so called paracrine effect. The regenerative mechanisms are employed by MSCs in the lung including modulation of the immune system as well as promotion of epithelial and endothelial repair. Apart from secreted factors,a number of recent findings suggest that MSCs engage in mitochondrial transfer and shedding of membrane vesicles as a means to enhance tissue repair following injury. Furthermore,it is becoming increasingly clear that MSCs are an integral component of epithelial lung stem cell niches. As such,MSCs play an important role in coupling information from the environment to stem and progenitor populations. The aim of this review is to outline the major mechanisms by which MSCs contribute to lung regeneration,and potential for future therapy.