中亚“萨尔特人问题”探究

A Study of the Issue of Sart in the Central Asia

"萨尔特人"一词曾经被用于称呼苏联中亚地区相当大一部分居民。就连被称为"萨尔特人"的居民本身也认为这是他们的自我称谓。在沙皇俄国统治中亚时期,"萨尔特人"一词在当地居民和行政当局中间颇为流行。然而,在20世纪20—30年代苏联当局对中亚地区进行民族识别后,这个名称竟没有出现在中亚民族名录中,永远地从政治家、学者和普通百姓的词典中消失了。对于"萨尔特人"这一神秘群体俄语文献中存在着诸多观点,甚至是激烈的争论,其客观原因是研究者对民族划分所持的标准不同,但"萨尔特人"这一名称最终从中亚民族名录中消失,则被认为是一种政治选择。

＂Sarts＂was once used to refer to a considerably large number of residences in the region of Soviet Central Asia. Even the residences who were called Sarts took the term as their identity,and the term was popular among the local residences and administrative authority in the period of Tsarist Russia. However,after the Soviet government carried out the work of ethnic identity in the 1920 s and 1930 s,this term was not found in the list of Central Asian ethnic groups and it disappeared forever from the vision of politicians,scholars and the ordinary people. There have been many different opinions or even heated debate in Russian literature about this mysterious ethnic group due to different standards used by researchers in ethnic division,and the eventual disappearance of the term of ＂Sart＂was regarded as a political choice.