阿克苏地区3个欧洲李品种花芽分化的进程

Flower bud differentiation process of 3 cultivars of Prunus domestica in Akesu region

为给阿克苏地区制定合理的欧洲李栽培管理技术措施提供理论基础,以品种‘女神’、‘斯坦勒’和‘法兰西’为研究对象,通过常规石蜡切片法对其花芽内部生长点组织形态分化过程进行观察,探讨欧洲李在阿克苏地区的花芽分化进程。在6月26日第1次取样时,大多数的花芽已经处于始分化期。‘斯坦勒’的花芽在9月23日雌蕊分化基本完成,分化时间在90 d以上;‘女神’在10月20日基本完成雌蕊分化,分化时间大约在120 d。而‘法兰西’在10月20日只有60%的花芽雌蕊分化完成。欧洲李花芽分化进程可以分为未分化期、始分化期、花蕾原基分化期、花萼原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期、雄蕊原基分化期、雌蕊原基分化期7个分化时期。3个欧洲李品种花芽形态分化存在各时期重叠交错现象,各时期间没有明显的界限,均是逐步分化的,各品种花芽分化时期的形态特征大致相同,但是分化进程存在一定差异,‘斯坦勒’的雌蕊原基最先完成分化,其次是‘女神’,最后是‘法兰西’。

In order to provide some theoretical basis for establishing reasonable cultivation and management techniques of Prunus domestica in Akesu region, using ‘Victoria＇, ‘Stanley＇ and ‘French＇ as research objects, morphological differentiation process of growing point in flower bud was observed by conventional paraffin method, and differentiation process of flower bud in P. domestica was discussed. When firstly sampling on June 26th, most of the flower buds were at the beginning of differentiation period. Flower buds in ‘Stanley＇ had basically completed the pistil differentiation period on September 23rd, and differentiation duration was over 90 d. Flower buds in ‘Victoria＇ basically had completed the pistil differentiation period on October 20th, and differentiation duration was about 120 d. Only 60% flower buds in ‘French＇ had completed the pistil differentiation on October 20th. Differentiation process of flower bud in P domestica was divided into 7 differentiation periods, including undifferentiation period, initial differentiation period, flower primordium period, sepal primordium differentiation period, petal primordium differentiation period, stamen primordium differentiation period, and pistil primordium differentiation. The flower bud differentiation periods of the three cultivars existed overlapping, and each period had no obvious boundaries and gradually completed. The morphological characteristics of flower bud differentiation period in each cultivar were about the same, but there were some differences in the differentiation process. pistil primordium differentiation in ‘Stanley＇ completed firstly, followed by ‘Victoria＇, and finally ‘French＇.