湖北麻城早熟油茶果实性状研究

Study on fruit characteristics in early-maturing Camellia oleifera in Macheng of Hubei

湖北麻城是我国油茶主要产地之一,拥有十分珍贵的早熟油茶种质资源。为了科学评价该种质资源的多样性,以便对其进行更好的保护与开发利用,文中从该地的实生早熟油茶群体中选取50株油茶样株,分单株采集样品,对其果实成熟期、果实颜色、果实形状及果实数量性状进行了观测。结果表明:该地早熟油茶果实的成熟期为9月下旬至10月上旬;果实颜色主要有青色、红色、黄红色和青红色;果实形状有橄榄形、卵形、球形和桔形4种,其中以球形为主;果实12个数量性状的变异系数介于12.21%~42.19%之间,其中,单果籽粒数的变异系数最大;果实12个数量性状的多样性指数介于1.296~1.706之间。以上结果表明,该地早熟油茶种质资源的多样性较为丰富。

Maeheng of Hubei is one of the major Camellia oleifera production places in China, which possesses very valuable early-maturing C. oleifera germplasm resources. In order to scientifically evaluate diversity of the germplasm resources, so as to better protect and develop them, 50 sample trees were chosen from early-maturing C. oleifera populations planted in Macheng, fruit samples were collected from each trees, and maturity period, fruit color, fruit shapes and fruit quantitative characteristics of fruits were observed. The results showed that maturity period of early~ maturing C. oleifera fruits last from late September to early October in Macheng; the main colors of fruits were green, red, yellow-red or green-red; the shapes of fruits were olivary, oval, sphere or orange-shape, among which sphere was the most common; the variation coefficients of 12 fruit quantitative characteristics ranged from 12.21% to 42.19%, among which the variation coefficient of grain number per fruit was the biggest; their diversity indexes were from 1.296 to 1.706. Thus, the diversity of early-maturing C. oleifera germplasm resources in Macheng was rich.