促进三台核桃中幼树生长结实技术措施研究

Study on technical measures for improving growth and fruiting of Santai walnut

为了探寻能促进云南三台核桃中幼树生长结实的技术措施,从而为云南核桃的提质增效提供理论依据,以树龄为10~15 a的三台核桃中幼树为研究对象,采用修剪、螺旋环剥、花前灌水这3种技术处理进行了为期2年的试验研究,调查和综合比较分析了不同处理的新梢发枝力、果枝率、新梢生长量、单株产量。结果表明:螺旋环剥处理,能增加母枝抽发的新梢数量,但对新梢的营养生长却有一定的抑制作用,能使其果枝率和单株产量均有提高,其平均单株结果数可达508.3个,增产效果明显;修剪处理,增强了中幼树的发枝力,增加了母枝抽发的新梢数量,增产效果也较明显;花前灌水处理,促进了新梢的长度生长和粗度生长,促进了其营养生长,对其果枝率和单株结果数均一定的促进作用,但增产效果不很显著。

In order to explore some technical measures for promoting growth and fruiting of middle-aged and young trees in Santai walnut, to provide some theoretical basis for enhancing quality and increasing yield of walnuts in Yuunan Province, using some middle-aged and young trees in Santai walnut at the ages of 10-15 years as research objects, branching force of new shoot, fruit branch rate, new shoot increment and fruit yield per plant in the three treatments of were were investigated, including trimming, spiral girding and pre-blossom irrigation. The experiment was conducted for two years. The results showed that spiral girding could increase number of new shoots generated by mother branches, as well as fruit branch rate and fruit yield per plant which was increase to 508.3, but could inhibit vegetative growth of new shoots to some degree, so it had an obvious effect of increasing yield. Trimming could strengthen branching force and increase number of new shoots generated by mother branches, so it had an obvious effect of increasing yield, too. Pre-blossom irrigation could promote increments of length and thickness of new shoots, as well as vegetative growth, and it could increase fruit branch rate and fruit number per plant to some degree, but the effect of increasing yield was not significant.