从国际移民到跨国离散:基于北京的加拿大华人研究的“双重离散”理论建构

From International Migration to Transnational Diaspora:Theorizing “Double Diaspora” from the Experience of Chinese Canadians in Beijing

论文以早先从中国移民加拿大,后又从加拿大回流中国北京的华人为研究对象,对他们的"双重离散"经历进行理论建构。论文认为,在全球化以及现代通信和交通运输技术发展的影响下,加拿大华人国际化流动的程度日益加深。其跨国移民经历可以归类为"双重离散"——一种超越民族和国家主义界限的混合型经验。双重离散者具有一系列的双重性:他们既是中国人又是加拿大人,既是离散者又是回流者。他们作为文化与经济中介在中加两国之间扮演着双重角色。而这些移民的定居不是最终的,而是多向循环的。"双重离散"理论摒弃了有关离散的原有概念,而将离散视为异质化的、冲突的社会形式,提供了理解跨国移民行为以及展现归属多元路径的另一种框架。

This study theorizes double diaspora based on the experiences of Chinese Canadians in Beijing who had previously immigrated to Canada from China and later returned. The study reveals that Chinese Canadians are increasingly internationally mobile as a result of globalization, modern communications and transportation. Their transnational migration experiences can be classified as ＂double diaspora＂ -- a hybrid experience that transcends boundaries of ethnicity and nationalism. The double diaspora is characterized by a number of dualities as both Chinese and Canadian, living in Chinese and Canadian diaspora, simultaneously diasporas and returnees, playing a double role as cultural and economic brokers between Canada and China. The double diaspora views the diaspora sojourn as neither unidirectional nor final, but rather as multiple and circular. It rejects the primordial notion of diaspora and theorizes diaspora as heterogeneous and conflictual forms of sociality. This study provides an alternative framework in understanding transnational migration and representing multiple ways of affiliations and belonging.