托达罗模型在基层医疗机构卫生人才培养中的应用

The Application of Todaro Model in the Training of Health Talents in Primary Medical Institutions

目的了解基层医疗机构卫生人才现状,采用托达罗模型分析可能存在的原因并提出人才培养和引进的建议。方法通过《2016年中国卫生和计划生育统计提要》,建立2010—2015年全国各级各类医疗机构卫生人力资源数据库,分析医院和基层医疗机构卫生人员构成及变化情况。结果基层医疗机构卫生人才数量逐年提高,但2015年底,医院卫生人员、卫生技术人员、执业(助理)医师和注册护士总量分别为基层医疗卫生机构的1.7倍、2.2倍、1.5倍和3.7倍;在卫生人才学历、职称构成方面,乡镇卫生院低于社区卫生服务中心,低于医院(P<0.05);仅有36.24%的人愿意注册为全科医师。结论基层医疗机构卫生人才仍存在总量较少、水平较低的现象,引进和培养成为解决人才短板的重要途径。

OBJECTIVE To explore the status of health talents in primary medical institutions, Todaro model was used to analyze the possible causes of talents shortage and put forward the training and introduction of personnel recommendations. METHODS Data of all levels of human resources from all medical institutions between 2011 and 2015 was selected from the 2016 China Health and Family Planning Statistics. The health staff composition and trends of hospitals and primary health care institutions were analyzed in the study. RESULTS The number of health personne! in the primary medical institutions increased year by year. However, by the end of 2015, the total number of hospital health personnel, health technicians, practicing （assistant） physicians and registered nurses were 1.7 times, 2.2 times, 1.5 times and 3.7 times of the primary medical institutions respectively. For the health education qualifications and title composition, township hospitals were lower than the community health service center and the hospital （P〈0.05）. Merely 36.24% of people were willing to register as a general practitioner. CONLUSION Health talents shortage and low skill still exist in the primary medical institutions. The introduction and cultivation of medical talents played an important role to solve the shortcomings of talent.