上海市高桥社区散居儿童手足口病危险因素调查与分析

Risk Factors of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease(HFMD)in Scattered Children in Gaoqiao Community

目的探讨高桥社区散居儿童手足口病发病的危险因素,为社区散居儿童手足口病防控提供依据。方法对36月龄以下社区散居儿童中手足口病病例进行调查,单因素分析采用χ~2检验,多因素分析采用非条件logistic回归分析。结果单因素分析显示营养不良、看护人洗手频率、口对口喂食、日常看护者是否了解手足口病防治知识、近一周奶瓶消毒情况、近一周手足口病接触史、规范接种疫苗、近两周是否有腹泻和呕吐症状是高桥社区散居儿童发病的影响因素。多因素分析显示,口对口喂食、近一周接触手足口病病人、近两周有腹泻和呕吐症状是危险因素,而看护人洗手频率高则是保护性因素。结论手足口病发病影响因素众多,社区手足口病的预防应以散居儿童为重点,加强对其家长或看护人员的健康宣教,从多方面实行预防措施,进而降低手足口病的发病率和死亡率。

OBJECTIVE To explore the risk factors of hand foot mouth disease（HFMD） in scattered children in Gaoqiao community, and to provide basis for prevention and control of hand foot mouth disease. METHODS The risk facto rs of HFMD in scattered chil- dren were determined by comparing living behaviors, environment situations and activities between ca ses and controls.The data were analyzed by Chisquare Test and Multivariate Logistic Regression. RESULTS Single factor analysis showed malnutrition, caregiver hand washing frequency, disease prevention knowledge and practice in caregivers, Nearly a week bottle disinfection, contact histo- ry of hand foot mouth disease in the past week, Diarrhea and vomiting symptoms in the last two weeks were the factors influencing HFMD onset in scattered children in Gaoqiao Community. Multivariate analysis showed that the risk of diarrhea and vomiting in the past two weeks was a risk factor for the mouth to mouth feeding, the one week contact with hand foot mouth disease, and the high frequency of hand washing was a protective factor. CONCLUSION Many factors influenced the incidence of HFMD in children. It needed to focuse on community for HFMD prevention, strengthen the care of the parents or persons health education as the key, im- plement prevention from different aspects, so as to redue the HFMD morbidity and mortality.