缅怀苦难 讲述伤痕——论请初传奇《桃花扇》

Memorizing Misery,Narrating Hurt: Review of Early Qing Legend Peach Blossom Fan

从明末到清初,是我国思想文化史上处于极其特殊的历史时期。明末东林党人和复社诸君,他们在思想和文化上,力图摆脱君主专制的束缚,这是资本主义因素萌芽状态下社会思想的变化和异动。但是到了清初,随着资本主义因素萌芽的夭折和中断,这时的思想和文化又退回到君主专制的桎梏之下,而且甚于明末,从思想文化领域来讲,发生了严重的倒退。孔尚任在淮扬、南京等地的实地考察和与明遗民的交谈中,了解掌握了大量的有关南明败亡的资料和清兵南下的残暴行为,遗民的思想对他影响很大。在这些背景之下,他创作了《桃花扇》,并明确指出,这部传奇是"借离合之情,写兴亡之感",可以说,侯、李的"离合之情",只是该剧的一个引由,全剧把重点放在"写兴亡之感"。作品以"写真实"的笔触,描绘了明清改朝换代中南明朝野顿时瓦解和人们经受的极大悲痛,从而成为那个年代"伤痕文学"的代表作。

In late Ming dynasty, capitalism began to sprout, but in early Qing dynasty, thinking and culture returned to absolute monarchy. In such a social background, and based upon a comprehension of a great deal of information about Qing soldiers＇ violence , and greatly impacted by adherents＇ thought, Kong Shangren created The Peach Blossom Fan, and explicitly pointed out that the legendary wrote the sense of rise and fall based upon the narration of the emotion of Hou and Li. With a realistic perspective, the legendary depicts the collapse of an empire and the sorrow people suffered from. And this made it become the master work of scar literature of that time.