不同土地利用方式和植被特征对高原鼠兔行为的影响

Effects of Different Land-use Type and Vegetation Characteristics on Behaviors of Plateau Pika (Ochotona curzoniae)

2009年3~7月,在西藏自治区墨竹工卡县日多乡念村(29o46′N,92o19′~92o20′E,海拔4 423~5 015 m),采用目标动物抽样法对高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)的警戒行为和取食行为进行了观察,利用广义线性模型(GLM)的泊松回归模型分析了不同土地利用、植被覆盖度、植物类别和植被优势种对高原鼠兔行为影响的差异。研究结果表明,雌性高原鼠兔取食行为频率高于雄性(β=﹣0.203,SE=0.096,P<0.05),警戒行为频率低于雄性(β=0.199,SE=0.088,P<0.05)。高原鼠兔的取食行为(β=﹣0.009,SE=0.004,P<0.05)随着栖息地内双子叶植物覆盖比例增高而呈递减趋势,相应地,随着栖息地内单子叶植物覆盖比例的增高呈现递增趋势(β=0.009,SE=0.004,P<0.05)。高原鼠兔的警戒行为在放牧地(β=0.273,SE=0.131,P<0.05)以及植被覆盖度高的栖息地内(β=0.007,SE=0.003,P<0.05)均呈递增趋势。随着薹草属植物覆盖度比例增高,高原鼠兔的取食行为(β=0.023,SE=0.006,P<0.001)呈现递增趋势,而警戒行为呈递减趋势(β=﹣0.018,SE=0.007,P<0.05)。

The foraging and vigilance behaviors of Plateau Pika （Ochotona curzoniae） was studied from March to July 2009 in the Nian Valley （29°46＇N, 92°19＇ - 92°20＇E） Rotok Township, Mozhu Gonggar County, Lhasa Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region. We captured the Plateau Pike in 16 quadrats and marked each of them using ear marks to identify their gender later, then released them to the field. We made an observation on the behavior of those remarked Pikes, and used Poisson regression to determine if the behavioral frequencies of these sampled Plateau Pikas were affected by vegetation characteristics, as well as by land-use type. The results showed that the forage frequency of females was higher than males （β = - 0.203, SE = 0.096, P 〈 0.05）, whereas male vigilance frequency was higher than females （β = 0.199, SE = 0.088, P 〈 0.05）. The foraging behavior of Pike showed a descending trend with increasing of dicotyledons plants in the vegetation （β = - 0.009, SE = 0.004, P 〈 0.05）, whereas the forage frequency of Pike was increased with increasing of monocotyledons plants in the vegetation （β = 0.009, SE = 0.004, P 〈 0.05）. The vigilance behavior of Pika showed an increasing trend at the grazing areas （β = 0.007, SE = 0.003, P 〈 0.05） and at habitat with densenseness of vegetation （β = 0.023, SE = 0.006, P 〈 0.001）, The forage behavior of Pika was positively increase as the coverness of Carex spp increase, while, the frequency of vigilance behavior of the animal showed a negative correlation with the cover of Carex spp in the vegetation （β = - 0.018, SE = 0.007, P 〈 0.05）.