在科学哲学与科学史之间——库恩思想中的科学革命

Between the History of Science and the Philosophy of Science——The Scientific Revolution in Kuhn's Thought

库恩"科学的革命"理论通过其著作《科学革命的结构》广为人知,这部著作也使得许多科学哲学家认为库恩关于科学一般规律的"科学的革命"理论和科学史上的科学革命是一回事,进而忽略了科学哲学和科学史两大学科之间的异质性。这种对库恩科学哲学观点的误解,既加大了理解库恩思想全貌的困难,又引发了对科学哲学和科学史关系研究的一些误解。文章试图通过对库恩在科学哲学和科学史领域中两份经典文献的探讨,以库恩思想中的科学革命理论为线索,探索库恩在两种学科语境中对同一问题产生不同回答的原因,并借此探讨科学哲学和科学史二者之间既相互联系又彼此异质的复杂关系。

Kuhn＇ s Scientific Revolutions theory is widely known for his book ＂The Structure of Scientific Revolutions＂. This book makes many philosophers think that Kuhn＇ s Scientific Revolutions on the general nile of science is the same as the Scientific Revolution in the history of science, and then ignored the essential distinction between the philosophy of science and the history of science. difficulty of research not only on his whole theory but the history of science. This essay discusses Kuhn＇ s philosophy of science and the history of science. Thi This miscomprehension of Kuhn＇ s philosophy exacerbated the also on the relationship between the philosophy of science two classical literature about the Scientific Revolution in the s discussion devotes to finding the reason for the different an- swers to the same question in different contexts, and to finding the complex relationship between the philosophy of science and the history of science, which is interrelated and different from each other.