牙周病与早产低体重儿的关系及其机制的研究进展

Research progress on the relationship and mechanisms between periodontal disease and preterm birth and low-birthweight infants

早产是指新生儿出生时胎龄未满37周,低体重儿是指新生儿出生时体重未满2 500 g,早产常伴发低体重儿。早产被认为是新生儿死亡的主要原因。牙周病是一种口腔常见的慢性感染性疾病,与全身多种系统性疾病具有相关性。流行病学资料表明牙周病与早产低体重儿具有一定相关性,牙周病是早产低体重儿等不良妊娠结局的危险因素之一,可能的机制包括牙周致病菌菌体的直接作用,引起机体炎症反应和过激免疫反应等,然而具体的机制尚未明确。本文就牙周病与早产低体重儿的相关性,开展牙周治疗对早产低体重儿发生率的影响,以及牙周病引发早产低体重儿的相关机制作一综述。

Preterm birth （PB） is defined as the birth of a baby less than 37 weeks of gestational age. Low birth weight （LBW） is defined as a newborn baby’s weight of less than 2 500 g. PB is often accompanied by LBW. Preterm low birth weight （PLBW） is the leading cause of newborn deaths. Periodontal disease （PD） is a chronic oral infectious disease, and it is closely related with general health. Epidemiological data show that PD is a risk factor for PLBW and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. The possible mechanisms include the direct effects of periodontal bacteria, inflammatory reactions, and immune response; however, the exact pathogenetic mechanism involved remains controversial. This article aims to review the research progress on the relationship between PD and PLBW and their underlying mechanisms, as well as the effects of periodontal treatment on PLBW incidence.