“多速欧洲”的政治经济学分析——基于欧盟成员国发展趋同性的实证分析

A Political Economic Analysis of “Multi-speed Europe” Based on the Empirical Study of the Convergence between EU Member States

在《罗马条约》缔结60周年、英国脱欧之际,欧盟面临往何处去的选择,由来已久的"多速欧洲"概念被作为欧洲一体化未来可能发展的选项之一由欧盟正式提出,并引起了广泛的重视和热烈的讨论。本文详细梳理了"多速欧洲"的理念沿革、法律制度安排和相关实践,并使用成员国层面的宏观经济数据,从实证层面检验了成员国在经济上趋异的事实。这与其他导致民众"欧洲认同"下降等相关因素一起构成了当前"多速欧洲"被提出的客观背景和原因。由此看来,它更多的是基于对目前现状的默认和无奈的选择。"多速欧洲"既有可能成为推进渐进式一体化的良方,也有可能导致欧洲实质上的分裂。因此,欧盟领导人应审时度势,积极稳妥地推进欧洲一体化。

At the 60th anniversary of the Rome Treaty and in the face of Brexit and an unclear future,the EU has formally proposed the long-discussed concept of 'Multi-speed Europe'as one of the possible paths of European integration,which has attracted a wide range of attention.This paper explores the history,institutional arrangement and relevant practice of the idea of 'Multi-speed Europe'and uses macroeconomic data to test the economic divergences between the EU member countries,which,together with other factors leading to the declining 'European identity'among European peoples,constitute the background of and reasons for such an idea. In other words,the proposal of'multi-speed Europe'is a choice out of recognition of the reality. However,it is still uncertain whether it will lead to further integration or to substantial division of Europe.