跨越中等收入陷阱国家(地区)的教育发展经验及启示

Experiences and Enlightenment of Educational Development across Countries(Regions) with Middle Income Trap

从人力资源和教育发展的视角梳理成功跨越中等收入陷阱国家的发展轨迹,探讨教育与跨越陷阱之间可能存在的逻辑关联,总结成功跨越国家发展教育的经验及启示,以期对我国成功跨越陷阱有所裨益。在教育地位上,各国将教育发展视为支撑经济持续发展的长远战略决策,我国应充分发挥政府统筹优势实现教育优先发展;在教育体制上,典型的中央集权和地方分权制国家都趋向于向均权制转轨,我国需要加快推进教育治理体系的扁平化改革;在教育结构上,各国纷纷形成并完善配合产业升级需求的多元化、实用化教育结构,我国也应按发展不同阶段需求适时调整教育发展重点;在教育体系上,各国十分重视发挥企业主导的中高级技能培训体系的作用,我国亟须整合与拓宽已过适学年龄人口的企业内再教育途径。

This paper combs the development paths of countries which successfully have come across the income trap and explores the logical relationship between education and trap crossover from the per- spective of human resources and educational development. It furthermore summarizes experiences and implications of these successful countries in order to benefit the income trap crossover in China. In terms of the role of education, educational development is commonly regarded as a long-term strategic policy to sustain economic development. In terms of the educational governance system, no matter cen- tralized- or decentralized-power countries tend to share equal rights and powers. Therefore, China should accelerate the Flattening Reform of the educational governance system. Moreover, in terms of educational system, many countries have formed and improved the diversified and practical educational structure in line with the needs of industrial upgrading. Finally, in terms of educational system, the role of company-oriented training system has been attached a great importance. Hence, China should integrate and broaden the methods of life-lonl~ education.