不同营养水平下中华倒刺鲃觅食和隐匿行为间的权衡

The Trade-off between Foraging Behavior and Shelter Use in a Qingbo with Different Nutritional Statuses

【目的】考查营养水平对鱼类觅食和隐匿行为的影响。【方法】将80尾体质量为(3.83±0.03)g的中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)幼鱼在(25±1)℃条件下驯化14d后分为不同营养水平的4组,即摄食后2h组(消化状态)、禁食2d组(空腹状态)、14d短期饥饿组及56d长期饥饿组。随后记录分析各处理组实验鱼在觅食环境和隐蔽环境之间的选择行为。【结果】摄食后2h组的实验鱼的觅食潜伏期明显大于其他处理组,而56d长期饥饿组在隐蔽场所的停留时间有所缩短。不同处理组的实验鱼在选择区的游泳行为没有明显差异;56d长期饥饿组在食物区的停留时间和移动距离均大于其他处理组,并在p<0.05水平具有统计学意义;摄食后2h组、禁食2d组和14d短期饥饿组在选择区停留时间和移动距离均大于食物区,并在p<0.05水平具有统计学意义;56d长期饥饿组在食物区停留时间较其他处理组更长且在p<0.05水平具有统计学意义,但在食物区与选择区的移动距离无统计学意义上的差异。【结论】长时间的饥饿会影响中华倒刺鲃在觅食行为和隐匿行为之间的权衡。

[Purposes]To investigate the effect of nutritional status on the trade-off between foraging and shelter use behaviors in fish species.[Methods]Qingbo（Spinibarbus sinensis）,an active foraging fish species that used shelter to protect against predators while foraging in the wild,was selected as an experimental model.The foraging and shelter use behaviors of digesting fish（2hafter feeding to satiation）,non-digesting fish（fasting for 2dto eliminate digestive effects）,short term starved fish（14dof fasting）and long term starved fish（56dof fasting）in a self-made behavioral observation arena were videoed for 30 min.Then,the behavior of the fish in the food area and the shelter area was analyzed.[Findings]The results showed that the foraging latency for the digesting group was significantly longer than those of other treatment groups,while the shelter use of long-term starvation group was about10% shorter than other groups.There was no significant difference between the experimental fish swimming behavior of different groups in the choice area,whereas both the percent time stayed and the total moving distance in the food area of long-term starvation group were significantly larger than those of other treatment groups.Fish from digestion group,fasting group and short-term starvation group all stayed more time and traveled longer distance in the choice area compared to those in food area,whereas fish from the long-term starvation group showed lower percent time stayed but similar moving distance in choice area compared to those in food area.[Conclusions]Spinibarbus sinensis,nutritional status has profound effects on both shelter use and foraging behavior.