论哈贝马斯后世俗社会的宗教观

On Habermas' Religious Concept in Post-secular Society

针对西方社会近些年出现的宗教复兴现象,哈贝马斯提出要在世俗理性的基础上包容宗教,要在后世俗社会和商谈伦理学的基础上,将宗教话语纳入政治公共领域,以释放宗教传统依然具有活力的解放潜能。但批评者却认为他的宗教观及其调和策略不仅将信仰与知识的界限模糊,从而使西方的自我理解面临困难,而且还给信教和世俗公民以不平等的认知负担,彰显出某种现代世俗理性特权。争议的核心在于我们是否应该在政治公共领域背后的文化背景中达成一种公共认知条件。这关系到世俗与神圣、理性与信仰的冲突在新时代的解决。从这些不同立场的批判和争议声音中,我们可以看出宗教问题在当代世界中的复杂性。

Facing the revival of religion in western society in recent years, Habermas proposed the religious tolerance on the basis of secular rationality, and grounded discourse ethics and post-secular society, introdu- cing religious discourses to political sphere, so as to release the potential liberation from religious tradition. However, the critics believed that his concept of religion and compromised policy blurred the boundary of be- lief and knowledge, thereby blocking self-understanding of the western world and making believers and secular citizens unequal cognition, which highlighted some modern secular privileges. The core of the controversy was whether we would reach a public cognitive condition in the cultural context behind the political public sphere. This concerned how to solve the conflict between secular and sacred, rational and belief in the new era. In the critiques and controversies from different positions, we could reveal the complexity of religious issues in the contemporary world.