全科医生快速筛选评估骨质疏松症方法的探讨

Methods of rapid evaluation and screening for osteoporosis by general practitioners

目的对常用的几种筛查骨质疏松症的方法进行比较,寻找能快速准确评估骨质疏松症的方法。方法择取我院2015年8月至2016年11月门诊所收治的中老年骨质疏松患者或有骨质疏松相关危险因素患者共325例,其中、男性105例、女性220例作为研究的对象,询问基本信息,包括姓名、性别、年龄(女性加问绝经年龄)、是否有激素服用史、是否有脆性骨折史,并进行骨密度测定,数据采用SPSS 18.0软件进行分析。结果选取的5个骨质疏松相关危险因素与骨密度因素均有相关性。不同危险因素与骨密度减少的相关性有所不同。按相关性从高到低排列为:性别>激素服用史>年龄>脆性骨折史。而在不同性别人群中,不同危险因素与骨密度减少的相关性也有所不同,女性为:年龄>绝经年龄>脆性骨折史>激素服用史,男性为:激素服用史>脆性骨折史>年龄。结论全科医生可运用询问性别、年龄、激素服用史、脆性骨折史等危险因素并根据上述危险因素快速评估筛选骨质疏松症风险人群。

Objective To compare severalmethod of screening osteoporosis,and to find a way to evaluate the osteoporosis rapidly and exactly. Methods A total of 325 elderly patients with osteoporosis or osteoporosis related risk factors,who visited in outpatient department of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from August 2015 to November 2015,were selected. Among them,105 were males and 220 were females. Basic information,including name,sex,age（ menopausal age in females）,hormone taking history,and brittle fracture history,was inquired. Bone mineral density was measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18. 0software. Results There was correlation between the selected five risk factors and bone mineral density. According to the contribution rate from high to low： sex hormone taking history age fragility fracture history. In different gender groups,the contribution of different risk factors to reduced bone mineral density was different,in females： age menopausal age fragility fracture history hormone taking history,and in males： hormone taking history fragility fracture history age. Conclusion The rapid evaluation of asking risk factors such as gender,age,hormone taking history,and brittle fracture history can be used by general practitioners to screen the risk factors of osteoporosis in outpatient department.