仲景治咳嗽上气方评述

Comment on Zhongjing's Formula for Treating Cough due to Abnormal Rise of Qi

张仲景在治疗咳嗽上气病时,有表里、寒热、虚实之分。病位在里以寒饮为主者,治宜温肺化饮,止咳平喘;病久化热者,应在化湿治本的基础上,加清热泻火和清热解毒之品;病位在表,属于表里并重者,治宜发汗解表。同时根据病情常配伍宣肺止咳、温肺化饮、化痰、解表与调和营卫、清热、敛肺止咳、泻肺利水等药,后世医家亦在仲景的基础上另有配伍补气养血药和补肾定喘药。

ZHANG Zhongjing had divided cough due to abnormal rise of qi into the following types： syndrome of exterior and interior, syndrome of cold and heat, syndrome of deficiency and excess. For internal disease mainly caused by cold fluid, the treatment should warm the lung to reduce watery phlegm, and stop cough to relieve asthma. For prolonged diseased lead to heat syndrome, herbs that clearing heat and purging fire and eliminating toxin should be added on the basis of removing dampness. For external disease pertaining to dual exterior and interior syndrome, the treatment should induce sweating to relieve the exterior. Meanwhile, herbs should be combined according to diseases conditions, such as ventilating the lung to suppress cough herbs, warming the lung to reduce watery phlegm herbs, resolving phlegm herbs, releasing the exterior and harmonizing the nutritive and defensive levels herbs, clearing heat herbs, restraining the lung to suppress cough herbs and purging lung to alle viating water retention herbs. On the basis of Zhong-jing＇s formula, the later physicians also combined with invigorating qi and nourishing blood herbs, tonifying kidney and suppress asthma herbs.