摘要
The shales of the Qiongzhusi Formation and Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations at Sichuan Basin and surrounding areas are presently the most important stratigraphic horizons for shale gas exploration and development in China. However, the regional characteristics of the seismic elastic properties need to be better determined. The ultrasonic velocities of shale samples were measured under dry conditions and the relations between elastic properties and petrology were systemically analyzed. The results suggest that 1） the effective porosity is positively correlated with clay content but negatively correlated with brittle minerals, 2） the dry shale matrix consists of clays, quartz, feldspars, and carbonates, and 3） organic matter and pyrite are in the pore spaces, weakly coupled with the shale matrix. Thus, by assuming that all connected pores are only present in the clay minerals and using the Gassmann substitution method to calculate the elastic effect of organic matter and pyrite in the pores, a relatively simple rock-physics model was constructed by combining the self-consistent approximation （SCA）, the differential effective medium （DEM）, and Gassmann＇s equation. In addition, the effective pore aspect ratio was adopted from the sample averages or estimated from the carbonate content. The proposed model was used to predict the P-wave velocities and generally matched the ultrasonic measurements very well.
四川盆地及其周缘地区的筇竹寺组和五峰-龙马溪组页岩是目前国内页岩气勘探的主要层位之一,但其地震弹性性质响应规律的区域性特征需要开展相关的实验和理论研究工作予以明确。本研究对干燥状态下的筇竹寺组和五峰-龙马溪组页岩的露头样品进行了超声波速度测试,系统地分析了地震弹性性质随页岩岩石学特征的变化规律。研究结果表明,孔隙度与粘土矿物含量呈正相关、与脆性矿物含量呈负相关;粘土、石英、长石和碳酸盐构成页岩岩石基质,与孔隙共同构成页岩岩石骨架,而干酪根和黄铁矿主要赋存于孔隙中,与页岩骨架的耦合较弱。通过将全部连通性孔隙近似等效于仅存在于骨架粘土矿物之内和采用Gassmann流体替换类似的思路处理干酪根和黄铁矿,可以较为简单地将自相容近似(SCA)理论、微分等效介质模型(DEM)和Gassmann方程组合起来构建研究区页岩的地震岩石物理等效模型。该模型通过关键参数等效孔隙纵横比(采用研究区样品平均值或者由碳酸盐含量进行估算)可以较为准确地预测筇竹寺和五峰-龙马溪组页岩的纵波速度,验证了等效模型的有效性和较广的适用性,可为筇竹寺组和五峰-龙马溪组页岩气储层的测井解释和地震"甜点"预测提供依据。
基金
sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41274185 and 41676032)
