从建筑现象看民族传统村落文化的迷失与“回归”——以贵州肇兴侗寨为例

The Loss and Return of Traditional Village Culture from the Perspective of Architectural Phenomenon——Taking Guizhou Zhaoxing Dong Villages as an Example

影响传统村落建筑演变与发展的主要因素并非村落村民对私人或者公共活动空间的追求,而是取决于传统村落文化的变迁。贵州肇兴侗寨建筑从"木质结构"到"方盒子式水泥结构",再到"下砖上木"或者"外木内砖"的二元制结构的变迁路径,深刻揭示出建筑背后所隐藏着的现代城市文化与传统村落文化之间的冲突与对立,其中不仅牵涉肇兴侗寨村民对其传统村落文化排斥与迷失,以及对城市文化的向往与追求,暗含肇兴侗寨村民、当地政府、游客等多方利益与文化诉求的博弈和互动,还关乎在旅游资源商业化的背景下民族传统村落文化原生态保护问题。基于此,该文认为应该通过控制过度商业化的发展态势、将特质文化保护区与居住区相分离、产权置换等方式,寻求民族传统村落文化的"回归"。

The main factors that affect the evolution and development of traditional village architecture are not the pursuit of private or public space, but the change of traditional village culture. Guizhou Zhaoxing Dong village buildings, from such dual structure as ＂wooden structure＂ to ＂square box type cement structure＂to＂brick base with wood top＂ or＂exterior wood with interior brick＂,profoundly reveals the conflict and confrontation between modern city culture and traditional village culture. These conflict and confrontation not only involve the exclusion and loss of traditional culture and the yearning and pursuit of city culture,but also reflect the interactive game played among Zhaoxing villagers,local government, tourist interests and cultural aspirations. They also reflect about the tourism resources problem in the commercial context of traditional village culture ecological protection. Based on these analyses,we should seek the return of the traditional village culture by controlling the development trend of excessive commercialization,separating the special cultural protection area and the residential area, and replacing the property rights.