国外旅游创新研究回顾与展望

A Review and Prospect of the Overseas Tourism Innovation Research

用文献统计法对近10年来国外旅游创新研究进行梳理和总结,发现国外旅游创新研究主要集中于创新概念、旅游创新过程、旅游要素创新、旅游创新机制以及创新政策等领域。尽管旅游创新尚未形成统一概念,但是呈现出从依赖技术创新到依赖服务创新后再聚焦旅游创新的研究脉络。创新过程理论涉及创新流程及参与主体等研究。旅游要素创新以产品为重点,研究广泛涉及酒店、餐饮、景区、旅行社等传统旅游企业创新。旅游创新驱动机制研究则从旅游知识及其管理、新技术运用、创新系统、利益相关者、社交网络、创新扩散等方面深入展开。综上,国外旅游创新研究正日益强化其跨学科理论支撑,反映其研究视角的交叉多元化、研究方法丰富多样化以及研究内容的不断拓展与深化等特点。旅游创新研究方兴未艾。为此,文章对旅游创新未来研究趋势进行了预测,并提出了对我国旅游创新研究的若干启示。

Innovation, as well known, plays a significant role in the tourism industry, and has gained great importance in Western countries. Overseas scholars have carried out research from the following aspects： the innovation concept, the process and mechanism of innovation, the innovation of the tourist element, the innovation method as well as the innovation evaluation. First and foremost, it is widely advocated that tourism innovation should be a dynamic and adaptive way to keep a sustainable competitive advantage which would require a series of steps and involve multi- participants, namely, with the comprehensive effect of government factors, academic institution factors and industry actors. Obviously, this advantage tends to enable tourism companies, especially the small and medium-size tourism enterprises, to survive or develop for the long run in a highly fierce climate. Furthermore, the innovation driven mechanism, which includes how to utilize and manage tourism knowledge, apply the latest technology, rebuild the innovation system, ensure the welfare of stakeholders, develop social networks, and help the diffusion of innovation, should be taken into consideration. Meanwhile, another overwhelming opinion is that the innovation policy on tourism should arouse further attention and be put into practice so that the favorable conditions and environments could be provided for innovation. The aforementioned fundamental theories have been explicated in detail in tourism enterprises such as hotels, scenic spots, travel services, airlines, cruises, crafts and so forth. Based on complete analysis, this paper reaches a conclusion on the current research and the future prospects of tourism innovation. The current research is characteristic of interdisciplinary, diverse methods and deepening contents, while some areas need to be broken through in the future. Specifically speaking, the innovation mechanism as well as the innovation policy should be initiated as soon as possible, innovation performance or innovation ability should be improved immediately, and innovation resistance should be removed without any hesitation. In the end, this article puts forward some instructive suggestion for China＇s tourism innovation. In particular, at present, more and more attention should be paid to the following focal points： encouraging technological innovation, proposing strategies for innovation, creating innovative atmospheres and establishing mechanisms of collaborative innovation.