藏传佛教对城市商业空间结构演变的动力机制——以归化城为例

ON THE DYNAMIC MECHANISM OF TIBETAN BUDDHISM TO THE EVOLUTION OF URBAN COMMERCIAL SPATIAL STRUCTURE: A CASE STUDY OF GUIHUA CITY

16世纪下半叶,藏传佛教再度传入蒙古地区(本文中出现的"蒙古地区",指现今的中华人民共和国内蒙古自治区和蒙古国),归化城(今呼和浩特玉泉区一部分)修建于1572~1575年。清朝统治者大力弘扬佛教文化,归化城逐渐成为漠南地区的政治、经济和宗教中心,后来随着中原地区与蒙古地区乃至俄罗斯贸易的扩大,发展为"草原丝绸之路"上重要的节点城市。由于宗教活动的频繁开展,寺庙作为一个地区具动力的因素,吸引着大量的朝拜者和商人前往,为各个阶层的人提供了固定的交易场所,构成了以寺庙为核心的商业空间。寺庙辐射区作为买卖城内部商业空间结构的主体,其构成的商业空间是买卖城中最为活跃的因素之一,对城市商业空间结构演变产生了重要影响。本文对归化城内商业空间形成原因进行探究及分析,有助于推动呼和浩特旧城区的保护规划实施,也是新时期顺应"一带一路"战略发展的选择。

In the latter of half of the 16 th century, Tibetan Buddhism was reintroduced into the Mongolian regio,Guihua city（Yuquan district of Hohhot） was built in the period from 1572 to 1575. The Qing Dynasty rulers vigorously promoted the Buddhist culture, Guihua city gradually became the political,economic and religious center of the Southern Desert＇s Mongolia. With the expansion of the Central Plains region and the Mongolian ministries and even the Russian trade expansion, Guihua city became an important node city on the ＂Silk Road of the Prairie＂. Due to the frequent development of religious activities, the temple as a factor with the driving force in the region, attracting a large number of pilgrims and businessmen, providing a fixed trading place for all classes, constituting a commercial space with a temple as the core.The temple perimeter area was the main part of commercial space structure in the city, and its commercial space was one of the most active factors in the city, which had a vital influence on the evolution of urban commercial space structure. This paper explores and analyzes the causes of the commercial space of Guihua city, and restores the commercial spatial structure of the natural city of the Qing Dynasty. This paper explores and analyzes the reasons for the formation of commercial space of Guihua city, helping to promote the protection planning of the old city of Hohhot, also being the choice of ＂One Belt One Road＂ strategic development options in the new era.