高层建筑的分布对室外风、热环境的影响研究

ON THE INFLUENCE OF DISTRIBUTION OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS ON OUTDOOR WIND AND THERMAL ENVIRONMENT

近年来,高层建筑的建设在我国掀起一股热潮,已成为解决城市化问题的有效途径之一。该文以武汉市高层建筑分布的现状特征为例,设置高层建筑簇群式和条带式两种分布方式对比,并通过增加建筑的数量和升高建筑的高度,一共18组对比方案,运用基于计算流体力学(CFD)的数值模拟软件,在仅考虑太阳辐射和自然对流的情况下,进行模拟。通过对建筑室外人行高度处(距离地面2 m处)风环境和热环境模拟结果的对比分析,得出在两种不同分布方式下,风敏感系数和热岛强度随着建筑高度的升高和建筑数量的增加呈现相同变化趋势,以及在总建筑面积保持不变的情况下,增加建筑数量降低建筑高度有利于营造良好的风环境,升高建筑高度减少建筑数量则有利于营造良好热环境等结论,为城市建设、高层建筑布局规划提供一定的参考和优化建议。

In recent years, the construction of high-rise buildings has set off a boom in our country, which has become one of the effective ways to solve the urbanization problem. In this paper, the distribution characteristics of high-rise buildings in Wuhan are taken as a sample for the case study. After setting the comparison of the two modes of distribution of high-rise buildings, the cluster mode and the strip mode, it proposes a total of 18 sets of contrast schemes, by increasing the number of buildings and raising the height of buildings. The numerical simulation software based on computational fluid dynamics （CFD） is used to simulate in the context of solar radiation and natural convection. Based on the comparison of simulation results of outdoor wind environment and thermal environment of the pedestrian height （2m from the ground）, the wind sensitivity coefficient and heat island intensity are increased with the rise of building height and number of buildings in two different distribution modes. Increasing the number of buildings and decreasing the height of buildings are conducive to creating a good wind environment, while increasing the height of buildings and decreasing the number of buildings are conducive to creating a good thermal environment, in the context of the total floor area remaining unchanged. It provides some references and optimization recommendations for the urban construction and high-rise building layout planning.