多维视阈下的威廉·福斯特及美国共产主义运动研究

The Study of William Z. Forster and the American Communist Movement in the Perspective of Multi-dimension

威廉·福斯特是美共历史上的著名领导人,在美国共运史上乃至在20世纪美国激进主义史上都占有重要的地位。美国理论界围绕着美共创始人威廉·福斯特和美国共产主义运动的研究形成了分别以激进主义、国际主义和新历史主义为核心的三种研究范式。首先,美国学者从激进主义的视角出发,认为福斯特的政治思想和共产主义运动作为对美国现实不公的真切反应,有其存在的必要和价值;其次,美国学者从国际主义的视角出发,认为福斯特及美国共产主义运动是非美的舶来品,是苏联在美国的代理人和工具;再者,美国学者从新历史主义的视角出发,认为福斯特的政治主张及美国共产主义运动深受当时历史大背景和政治、社会环境的影响,以此来探求美国共产主义运动为何停滞不前的缘由。从历史经验看,系统梳理和探讨福斯特及美国共产主义运动不仅能够为我们回驳西方历史虚无主义思潮提供可参考的素材,而且能够为当今走具有中国特色的社会主义道路和实现中国梦提供重要的历史启示。

William Foster was a famous leader of the CPUS, and he was an important leader in the history of American Communist movement as well as a famous person in the history of the 20th century American radicalism. American academia research on the CPUSA founder William Foster and the American Communist movement, formed three research paradigms,namely radicalism, internationalism and new historicism. First, from the perspective of radicalism, American scholars think that Foster’s political thought and the Communist movement as the real reaction on America reality injustice, have the necessity and the value of its existence; Secondly, from the perspective of internationalism, American scholars think that Foster and the American Communist movement is the exotic, and is the agent or tool of Soviet Union; Furthermore, from the perspective of new historicism, American scholars think that Foster9s political opinions and the American Communist movement influenced by the historical background and political and social environment at that time, in order to explore the American Communist movement why stagnation of reason. From the historical experience, this paper systematically explored the Foster and the American Communist movement can not only provide reference material for us to refute the Western Historical Nihilism, and can provide some important historical enlightenment for us to follow the socialist road with Chinese characteristics and to realize the Chinese Dream at this time.