抗战初期中共武装参与山西抗战作战方针论析——兼谈毛泽东“独立自主的山地游击战”思想的确立过程

On Operational Guidelines of the Armed Forces of the Communist Party Participating in Shanxi Anti-Japanese War——And on the Establishment of Mao Zedong's “Independent Mountain Guerrillas”

全面抗战爆发后,毛泽东根据战争形势和中共武装的自身特点,不失时机地提出了红军参与山西抗战的作战方针,即"独立自主的分散作战的游击战争"。但周恩来、朱德等红军将领却认为应以运动战为主。直至洛川会议上仍有分歧,部分中央负责同志尤其是大部分红军将领并没有完全认可毛泽东的主张。在随后以保卫太原为核心的太原会战中,毛泽东始终坚持山地游击战思想,并作了具体的战斗部署和指示。太原沦陷后,山西抗战进入了以游击战争为主导的战略局面。毛泽东关于中共武装参与山西抗战的作战方针逐步完善,并被军政领导干部广泛接受,尽管其提法中仍有"集中优势兵力"可以打运动战的意思,但总的核心仍然是坚持"独立自主的山地游击战"。

As the Anti-Japanese War broke out all around, Mao Zedong proposed timely an operational guideline of “Independent Mountain Guerrillas” on the Red Army＇s participation in the Shanxi War,going with the war situation and features of the armed forces of the Communist Party. Meanwhile,other leaders like Zhou Enlai and Zu De thought that the mobile warfare was the mainstream. This divergence lasted,and most generals and leaders didn’t agree with Mao’s idea even in the Luochuan Meeting. In the Battle of Taiyuan,Mao adhered to his guerrilla idea and made specific tactics and disposition. When Taiyuan fell into the enemy’s hand,Shanxi Anti-Japanese War came into a period of guerrilla warfare. Mao’s operational guidelines were generally comple-ted and widely accepted by other leaders. Its core was u independent mountain guerrillas” , although he also men-tioned concentrated strength for mobile warfare.