“十论”的递增成形:对《墨子》中基本命题的追溯

The Gradual Growth of the Mohist Core Philosophy:Tracing Fixed Formulations in the Mozi

由于我们对《墨子》涉及"十论"的早期文本历史所知甚少,因此在诠释这些文本的时候,难免需要依赖于某些预设。在这些预设之下,墨翟以一位哲学家、墨学创始人或者"十论"这套连贯思想体系的倡导者的形象出现。虽然这些预设可能没有错,但我们可以在方法论上暂时将其搁置,从而以一种新颖的方法来阅读《墨子》。这一方法更加关注"十论"彼此之间的差异、它们在《墨子》书中尚未固定的形式、以及代表"十论"的某些用语(如"非攻"与"节用")在《墨子》文本中鲜少出现的情况。这个新的方法还引申出另一种关于墨家思想的合理描述:在《墨子》一书被不同时期的作者与编者渐次处理的过程中,墨家思想也随之得以建构、成形。

Due to our lack of knowledge of early texts such as the Mozi, we inevitably have had to rely on assumptions when interpreting these texts. These assumptions have contributed to the portrayal of Mo Di as a philosopher, the founder of Mohist thought, and the advocate of a coherent thought system in Ten Core Ideas.However, we can approach the Mozi in a different way by methodologically putting these assumptions on hold,not necessarily by rejecting them. This approach draws attention to the differences among the Ten Core Ideas,their relatively unfixed forms, and their rare presence in the Mozi. It leads to another, equally plausible portrayal of Mohist thought as gradually shaped by its authors and editors along with the formation of the book.