功利主义与近代墨学重构

Utilitarianism and the Reconstruction of Modern Mohism

"Utilitarianism"即汉语表达中的"功利主义"。近代学者梁启超、胡适等将这一概念引入墨家思想的研究和阐释之初,始以"实利主义"或"乐利主义"的形式出现。直到严复、吴虞试图打破"功利"在中国传统文化语境中的"贬义"色彩,以及冯友兰的系统性的学术研究和学术影响,"功利主义"这一提法在墨家的思想研究中才被正式确立,而对墨家"功利主义"思想的研究也在学术界中成为习惯,鲜有异见。

The Chinese Expression ＂ Gongli Zhuyi ＂（功 利 主 义） was translated from the term＂Utilitarianism＂. However, when the modern scholars like Liang Qichao and Hu Shih first put this concept into the research and interpretation of Mohist Thought, the origin translation versions were ＂Shili Zhuyi＂（实利主义） and ＂Lelizhuyi＂（乐利主义）. The translation version of ＂Gongli Zhuyi＂ was not formally established until Yan Fu and Wu Yu attempted to break the derogatory color of ＂utilitarian＂ which was rooted deeply in the traditional Chinese cultural context. Since then, the study of Mohist＇s utilitarianism thought has become an academic convention.