面向异构WSNs的基于能量感知的簇路由算法

Distributed Energy Aware Unequal Clustering Algorithm for Heterogeneous WSNs

有效地使用传感节点的能量,进而延长网络寿命成为设计无线传感网路由协议的一项挑战性的工作。为了延长网络,现存的多数簇路由是面向同构网络。为此,提出分布式能量感知的异构WSNs非均匀分簇路由DEAC(Distributed Energy Aware unequal Clustering)算法。DEAC算法是以EADUC(Energy Aware Distributed Unequal Clustering)为基础,并进行优化。与EADUC不同,DEAC算法从簇头竞选机制、簇间多跳通信中的下一跳转发节点的选择策略以及自适应的节点通信半径的设置三方面进行优化。在簇头竞选机制中,采用退避算法,利用节点的剩余能量以及邻居节点的平均能量设置延时时间;在选择下一跳转发节点时,建立节点的关于能量的度量函数,选择具有最大剩余能量的节点作为下一跳;而在设置节点通信半径时,考虑了距离、剩余能量以及邻居节点数信息。仿真结果表明,与EADUC协议相比,提出的DEAC算法能够有效地延缓第1个节点失效的时间,减少了能耗,扩延网络寿命。

Using the energy of sensor nodes efficiently to prolong the network lifetime is a chief challenge for designing routing protocols. To prolong WSNs（ Wireless Sensor Networks） lifetime,most of the existing clustering schemes are geared towards homogeneous WSNs. Therefore,Distributed Energy Aware Unequal Clustering（ DEAC） algorithm for heterogeneous WSNs is proposed in this paper. Based on Energy Aware Distributed Unequal Clustering（ EADUC）,DEAC is different from EADUC. DEAC algorithm has improved in terms of cluster head campaign mechanism,next-hop forwarding node selection strategy in multi-hop inter-cluster communication,and the adaptive setting communication radius. In cluster head campaign mechanism,the delay is computed based on residual energy and energy level of neighbor nodes by back off algorithm. In selecting the next-hop forwarding node,the metric with energy is estimated,and the node with high-residual energy is selected. To set the communication radius,the distance,residual energy and number of neighbor nodes are taken into account. Simulation results show that DEAC can postpone the time of the first failed node,and reduce the energy consumption,prolong the network lifetime.