美国视听作品例外立法例考察

A Survey of American Audiovisual Works Exemption

文章考察"视听作品例外"立法例,旨在探明美国禁止规避技术措施例外制度如何既能保障公众对作品的合理使用,又能排除基于非法使用目的的规避技术措施行为。按照美国数字千年版权法的规定,美国国会图书馆于2006年首次确立视听作品例外,采用根据规避目的界定例外范围的方式,在后续三次修改中例外范围不断扩大:规避目的从电影和媒体课堂使用扩大到为教育目的的所有使用;规避主体从电影和媒体专业高校教师扩展到幼儿园、中小学教师和高校、慕课师生;可规避作品类型不断丰富。

This paper explores the legislation of Audiovisual Works Exemption, which aims to find out how the United States Exemptions to the Prohibition on Circumvention of Technological Measures to protect the public from the fair use of works while excluding the illegal circumvention of technological protection. In 2006,the Library of Congress for the first time establishes the exemption for audiovisual works in accordance with the provisions of Digital Millennium Copyright Act and extends its scope in the subsequent three revisions：from Movie and Media courses to all circumstances for the purpose of education; the subjects include not only the Movie and Media college teachers,but all the teachers and students as well;the exemption works have been enriched.