6个高氨基酸茶树品种(系)主要生化成分分析

Biochemical Compositions of Teas High in Amino Acids

为了解6个高氨基酸茶树品种(系)白叶1号、中黄1号、黄金茶1号、苏茶早、E1和20-2-1的主要生化成分,以湖北茶区主栽品种鄂茶1号为对照,分析了6个品种(系)春季新梢(一芽二叶)中主要生化成分并对其进行聚类分析。结果表明,6个高氨基酸茶树品种(系)中天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、茶氨酸及氨基酸总量均显著高于对照,水浸出物、茶多酚、酚氨比、EGCG、GCG及儿茶素总量均显著低于对照,其它组分变化规律不明显。基于主要生化成分含量聚类分析显示,白叶1号、苏茶早、黄金茶1号、中黄1号、E1等5个品种(系)聚为一类,该类具有氨基酸含量高、茶多酚和儿茶素含量低的特性;此外,高氨基酸含量、相对较高茶多酚和儿茶素含量的品系20-2-1则单独聚为一类。

Six varieties of teas,including Baiye 1,Zhonghuang 1,Suchazao,Huangjincha 1,20-2-1 and E1,that have relatively high amino acid contents were analyzed for their biochemical compositions in the leaves.The widely cultivated Echa 1 was designated as control for comparison.Spring shoots comprising a bud and two leaves of the cultivars were plucked for the chemical and cluster analyses.The results showed that the contents of aspartate,serine,glutamate,histidine,arginine,theanine,and total amino acids in the shoots were significantly higher than those in control.On the other hand,lower water extract,polyphenols,phenol/amino acid ratio,EGCG,GCG,and total catechins,while a lack of significant differences on the other components,were found among the 6 cultivars as compared to control.A cluster analysis based on the compositional makeups of the teas indicated that Baiye 1,Zhonghuang 1,Suchazao,Huangjincha 1 and E1 could be categorized in one group that contained high amino acids with low polyphenols and catechins;whereas,20-2-1 stood alone in a group that had high amino acids,as well as polyphenols and catechins.