水下爆炸致急性脊髓损伤动物模型的构建

Establishment of acute spinal cord injury model in rabbits induced by underwater explosion

目的构建水下爆炸致急性脊髓损伤(SCI)动物模型,为研究水下爆炸致急性SCI的治疗提供依据。方法选取新西兰兔24只,随机分为A组(爆炸距离0.3 m)、B组(爆炸距离0.8 m)和C组(爆炸距离1.5 m),每组8只。将实验兔固定在中国科学技术大学研制的水下实验装置中,分别在3种冲击波压力强度下致伤,选取T9~T10段脊髓,观察脊髓组织病理形态学、动物存活情况以及运动功能。结果同样爆炸当量,A组、B组、C组测得的平均冲击波压力峰值分别为18、5、2 MPa,B组实验兔成活率高,致伤后双下肢运动功能障碍,病理学显示脊髓内见大量散在出血坏死灶,满足实验需要。B组实验兔爆炸前后、爆炸前与致伤后2 h、爆炸前与致伤后24 h的改良Tarlov评分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),致伤后2 h与24 h的改良Tarlov评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);C组实验兔爆炸前后、爆炸前与致伤后2 h、爆炸前与爆炸后24 h的改良Tarlov评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),致伤后2 h与24 h的改良Tarlov评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论水下爆炸装置冲击波压力峰值5 MPa时能够建立急性SCI模型。

Objective To establish an animal model of acute spinal cord injury（ cord injury spinal,SCI） induced by underwater explosion,in order to provide conditions for further study on the effect of different drug intervention on it. Methods Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups and fixed in the underwater experimental device developed by University of Science ＆Technology of China. The injury was made with three kinds of shock wave pressure intensity and T9 ~ T10 was selected to observe morphopathology of spinal cord tissue,condition of animals’ survival and their motor function. Results The average shock wave pressure peak in group A,group B and group C was18 MPa,5 MPa,2 MPa respectively in the same condition of explosion equivalent. Rabbits in group B did not die but show double lower limb motor dysfunction. Pathological study showed a large number of scattered hemorrhagic necrotic foci in the spinal cord. The difference in modified Tarlov scores of group B before and after the explosion,before and after injury and 2 hours before the explosion and 24 hours after explosion was all statistically significant. There was no difference in group B’s modified Tarlov scores between 2hours and 24 hours after injury. The difference in Group C’s modified Tarlov scores before and after the explosion,before and after injury and 2 hours before the explosion and 24 hours after explosion was all statistically significant. The difference in group C’s modified Tarlov scores between 2 hours and 24 hours after injury was not statistically significant. Conclusion The acute SCI model can be established when the peak pressure of shock wave of underwater explosive device is 5 MPa.