小儿重症腹泻致病因素分析与治疗探讨

Analysis of Pathogenic Factors of Severe Diarrhea in Children and Study on Treatment

目的探讨小儿重症腹泻致病因素分析与治疗。方法选取2014年10月—2016年12月长春市儿童医院中西医结合科收治的124例重症腹泻患儿作为研究对象,回顾性分析总结其致病因素、特征性临床表现和临床治疗方法。结果患儿家属对感染性腹泻治疗效果满意度为96.8%。患儿家属对非感染性腹泻治疗效果满意度为95.2%。≤3岁年龄段感染性腹泻29例,占39.2%;非感染性腹泻45例,占60.8%;3~7岁年龄段感染性腹泻33例,占66.0%;非感染性腹泻17例,占34.0%。其中感染性腹泻中革兰氏阴性菌22例,占17.7%;革兰氏阳性菌102例,占82.3%。结论感染性腹泻和非感染性腹泻是小儿腹泻常见的致病因素,治疗前明确致病菌,在小儿喂养时注意营养均衡,定时定量,少量多餐,避免受凉,进易消化的食物,避免滥用抗生素,同时给予积极有效的治疗措施,对患儿恢复健康具有积极的重要意义。

Objective To discuss the analysis of pathogenic factors of severe diarrhea in children and study on treatment. Methods 124 cases of children with severe diarrhea admitted and treated in our hospital from October 2014 to December 2016 were selected and the pathogenic factors, special clinical manifestations and clinical treatment method were retrospectively analyzed. Results The satisfactory degree of children' family to the infectious diarrhea and noninfectious diarrhea was respectively 96.8% and 95.2%, during the age period ≤3 years, there were 29 cases with infectious diarrhea, accounting for 39.2%, 45 cases with non-infectious diarrhea, accounting for 60.8%, during the age period from 3 to 7 years, there were 33 cases with infectious diarrhea, accounting for 66.0%, 17 cases with non-infectious diarrhea, accounting for 34.0%, and there were 22 cases with gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 17.7% and 102 cases with gram-positive bacteria, accounting for 82.3%. Conclusion The infectious diarrhea and non-infectious diarrhea are the common pathogenic factors, and we should clear the pathogenic bacteria before treatment, pay attention to the nutrition balance and avoid catching cold, eat the digestive food and avoid the antibiotics abuse and adopt the positive and effective treatment measures, which is of great significance to the recovery of children.