杭州湾南岸滨海湿地生态服务功能价值评估

Assessment of coastal wetland ecosystem services in the south of Hangzhou Bay

杭州湾湿地位于我国南北滨海湿地分界线上,具有多种重要的生态系统服务功能。通过野外调查和功能模拟实验,结合杭州湾湿地10年定位观测数据,使用市场价值法、碳税法、影子工程法、旅行费用法等生态系统服务功能评估方法,对杭州湾南岸滨海湿地生态系统服务功能进行了价值估算。结果表明,杭州湾南岸滨海湿地生态系统服务功能总价值约为1127.83×10~8元,主要的生态服务功能为气候调节功能、水质净化功能以及固碳功能。杭州湾湿地不同土地利用类型的生态服务功能价值由高到低依次为:浅海水域、淤泥质海滩、人工湿地、草本沼泽、潮间盐水沼泽、林地。研究结果有助于人们更加直观地认识杭州湾湿地生态系统服务功能的重要性,同时也为湿地生态系统的保护和管理以及合理的开发利用提供科学的依据。

Hangzhou Bay is the boundary between the north and south coastal wetland in China and is an important monitoring area. It provides us a wide variety of ecological services, including material products, water purification, carbon fixation, climate regulation, atmosphere regulation, biodiversity protection, soil conservation, entertainment and scientific research. The purpose of this paper is to make people better understand the economic value of Hangzhou Bay wetland and the services it provides to us. Ecological services were classified into four categories： provisioning services, regulation services, supporting services and cultural services. Nine different ecological functions and fifteen indices were chosen and market valuation method, shadow project method, carbon tax method, substitute cost method and travel cost method were used to evaluate the ecosystem services of Hangzhou Bay wetland. The data came from field survey, laboratory analysis and previous researches. The results showed that annual total value of Hangzhou Bay wetland ecosystem services was about $1.1278×1011. According to the evaluation, the value of the climate regulation function was the largest with 5.3616×10^（10） yuan·a^（–1）, accounting for 43.71% of the total value, followed by water purification function with 3.8636×10^（10） yuan·a^（–1）, accounting for 31.5% of the total value. Others ranked from greatest to lowest with a tendency of values as： carbon fixation, water conservation, material products function, atmosphere regulation function, biodiversity protection function, soil conservation function, entertainment and scientific research function. This study suggested that the Hangzhou Bay wetland had sigficantant ecological services. However, theecological services were threatened by excessive reclamation. These assessment of the ecological service values of Hangzhou Bay wetland can provide a scientific basis for wetland ecosystem protection and management as well as reasonable development and utilization.