湖南省水稻推广品种种子寄藏真菌检测

Detection of Seed-born Fungi of Commercial Rice Varieties in Hunan

为明确湖南省目前水稻推广品种种子携带真菌情况,本试验通过保湿培养结合镜检的方法对150个湖南推广的品种种子带菌情况进行了调查。结果表明:常规稻种子中带菌率最低的是‘黄华占’,仅0.18%,带菌率最高的是‘湘早籼17号’,为6.35%;两系杂交稻种子中‘八两优18’和‘奥两优69’带菌率最低,均为0.27%,‘株两优819’带菌率最高,为7.13%;三系杂交稻种子‘益优701’、‘金优463’和‘中优177’均不带菌,‘珞优8号’品种带菌率最高达11.65%。从种子带菌部位来看,颖壳带菌率远远高于米粒。检出的种子携带的寄生菌有胡麻斑菌、鞘腐菌、黑粉菌、弯孢霉、镰刀菌、黑孢霉,未检出稻瘟病菌;检出的种子携带的腐生菌有毛霉、曲霉、青霉、链格孢等。这些种子携带的真菌有可能作为病害的初侵染来源或在水稻育秧期间造成烂秧。

In order to clarify the fungus - carrying status of commercial rice seed in Hunan province, 150 commercial rice cultivars （ cvs. ） were investigated with the method of moisturizing culture combined and microscopic examination. Results showed that among the conventional rice cvs. ,the fungus - carrying rate of 4 Huanghuazhan,was the lowest （0. 18% ） and 4 Xiangzaoxian 17 ’ was the highest （6. 35% ） . Among the two - line hybrid rice cvs. , the fungus - carrying rate of 4 Baliangyou 18 ’ and 4 Aoliangyou 69 ’ were the lowest （0. 27% ）,and the 4 Zhuliangyou 819, was the highest （7. 13%）. Among the three - line hybrid rice cvs. , fungus were not detected in 4 Yiyou 701 ’,4 Jinyou 463 ’ and 4 Zhongyou 177 ’, and fungus - carrying rate of 4 Luoyou 8,was the highest （11. 65% ）. Contamination of seed husks was much higher than that of kernels. Pathogenic fungi,such as H e lmintho spo rium ,Sar la d ium ,N eo vo ss ia ,C u rvula r ia ,F usar ium and Melanospor- in were detected,but rice blast fungus Pyricularia grisea was not found. Storage stage fungi such as M u co r ,Aspergillus ,P en - ic ill ium and Alternaria were also found. These fungi carried on rice seeds could act as primary source of infection and cause disease or cause seedlings rot.