专用缓释肥对夏玉米产量及肥料利用率的影响

Effect of special slow-release fertilizer on yield and fertilizer using efficiency of summer maize

为了明确夏玉米专用缓释肥的施用效果和实现夏玉米高产高效施肥技术,采用田间试验研究了专用缓释肥对夏玉米产量、SPAD值、养分积累量、肥料利用率的影响。结果表明,鹤壁和许昌两试验点专用缓释肥较等养分普通肥料1次施分别增产5.17%和5.65%,较农民施肥分别增产9.99%和5.34%,植株氮养分积累量较普通肥料1次施分别增加6.21%和7.97%,氮肥利用率较普通肥料1次施分别提高7.66和8.69个百分点,与普通肥料2次施产量和肥料利用率均无显著差异。专用缓释肥(28-10-12,缓释氮素占50%)苗期1次性施用750 kg·hm^(-2)促进了夏玉米对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收利用,提高了产量和肥料利用效率,实现了高产、高效和简化施肥。

In order to confirm the effect of special slow-release fertilizer and realize the target of high yield and high efficiency fertilization technology of summer maize.Field experiment were conducted and the effect of special slow-release fertilizer were studied on yield,SPAD,nutrient accumulation and fertilizer using efficiency in summer maize.The results showed that for the experiments at Hebi and Xuchang,compared with the average nutrients common fertilizer application,the special slow-release fertilizer increased yield by 5.17% and 5.65% respectively,and compared with farmer＇s fertilizer practice,increased by 9.99% and 5.34% respectively.The nitrogen nutrient accumulation increased by 6.21% and 7.97% respectively,compared with the average nutrients common fertilizer application.The nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency increased by 7.66% and 8.69% respectively,compared with the average nutrients common fertilizer application.There were no significant influence on yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in special slow-release fertilizer compared with ordinary fertilizer applied twice.Special slow-release fertilizer （28-10-12,50% slow release nitrogen） could promote nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient absorption and utilization in summer maize,and improve fertilizer using efficiency,with high yield and high efficiency and simplified fertilization by one-timebasal fertilization 750 kg·hm^（-2） in the seedling stage.