区块链技术中的共识机制研究

Research on the Consensus Mechanisms of Blockchain Technology

区块链作为比特币系统中的底层技术受到了广泛关注,是解决分布式系统一致性问题的一种可行方法。区块链技术的核心是如何实现共识。良好的共识机制可提升系统性能,促进区块链技术的应用。文章从现有区块链技术中的共识机制出发,对工作量证明、权益证明和拜占庭一致性协议等基本共识机制进行总结,从安全性、扩展性、性能效率等方面对这些共识机制进行评价。未来区块链上共识机制的研究将根据各共识机制的不同特点,围绕不同共识机制的组合展开设计。

As the underlying technology in Bitcoin, the blockchain technology has gained wide attention. Blockchain is a kind of feasible method to solve the consistency problem of distributed system. Consensus mechanism is the core of the blockchain technology. Delicate consensus mechanism can improve system performance and promote the application of blockchain in many fields. Based on the consensus mechanisms in existing design of blockchain, this paper summarizes the basic consensus mechanisms including proof of work, proof of stake and Byzantine consistency agreement, and evaluates them from various aspects such as security, scalability, performance, etc. The future research on the blockchain consensus mechanism will be based on the different characteristics of the consensus mechanisms, and design should be carried out around the combination of different consensus mechanisms.