1949—1966年童话的多向度重构

The Multi-Dimensional Reconstruction of Fairy Tales(1949—1966)

晚清童话作为启迪民智、铸造"新民"的文艺样式开始兴起。民国时期童话从理论到创作都得以迅速发展,众多知名作家与学人参与其中,周作人、赵景深、张梓生等从民俗学、人类学视域对其进行了理论阐释;叶圣陶、林兰等在创作领域进行了实践。1949—1966年,童话在内外因素的共构中实现了蜕变,在"民间"与"多民族"文学语境中,从教育价值与幻想层面进行了重构。20世纪50年代童话将新的社会主义伦理价值扩散到中国各地域、各民族,加速了社会主义"新儿童"的塑造;同时从民间故事的搜集整理到童话的创作实践,都渐趋形成了以"幻想"为核心话语的理论体系。1949—1966年童话的理论重构与文艺实践经验在中国文学史、民间故事学术史上都具有独特意义,其理论成就对当下"中国故事"的讲述具有一定的启迪,只是到目前为止对其反思尚不充分。

The fairy tale, as a literary genre to enlighten the public and build ＂new citizens＂, began to flourish in the Late Qing Dynasty. Fairy tales in the period of the Republic of China developed rapidly in terms of theory and creation. Many famous writers and scholars did theoretical interpretations on fairy tales from the perspective of folklore and anthro- pology, while the famous scholar Ye Shengtao and Lin Lan created some fairy tales. During the period of 1949 to 1966, fairy tales underwent transformation because of internal and external factors, and fairy tales also underwent reconstruction on the educational level and fantasy in the context of ＂folklore＂ and ＂multi-ethnic＂ literature. Fairy tales in 1950s spread socialism ethical values to various areas and ethnic groups of China, and quickened the creation of ＂new children＂ in so- cialism society. The theoretical system with fantasy-centered discourse was constructed from the collection of fairy tales to their creative practice. The theory construction and literary practice of fairy tales from 1949 to 1966 was of unique signifi- cance in the history of Chinese literature and folklores. The theoretic achievements of fairy tales shed light on the current narration of ＂Chinese stories＂, and they are worthy of further consideration and reflection.