论我国《海域使用管理法》的修订

Modification of the Law of the P.R.C. on Administration of the Use of Sea Areas

《海域使用管理法》对中国海洋法制建设具有重要意义。该法施行以来,我国海域使用管理配套法规体系日趋完善,海洋功能区划、海域有偿使用等制度日臻成熟。《海域使用管理法》实施已逾15年,我国经济社会生活发生了巨大变化,中国特色社会主义法律体系不断完善,该法暴露出来的问题日益增多,亟待修订:首先,立法理念应由"重发展,轻保护"向"海域资源和海洋环境保护优先"变革。其次,应完善海域使用权制度,突出海域使用权的物权性,强化该法的私权色彩,将海域使用权的成立时间修改为"完成登记之日"。在围填海管理方面,应理顺围填海建设项目的审批程序,提高行政效率;建立填海造地指标管理制度。最后,在法律责任方面,应明确"恢复原状"的适用条件;修改罚款的计算方法,对于具有持续性的严重海域违法行为可以引入"按日处罚"制度;增加刑事责任条款;赋予海洋行政执法机构必要的行政强制手段。

The Law of the People＇s Republic of China on the Administration of Sea Areas is of great significance to the national construction of marine legal system. It is promulgated for implementation as of January 1, 2002. The law needs to be modified since its problems were increasing in the past 15 years. The idealism of the legislation need to be changed from Development over Protection to Marine Resources and Environmental Protection should be considered firstly. Usufrucmary right of maritime is a kind of real right, this character should be fully reflected in the law. Wc should rationalize the approval procedures of sea reclamation project, and improve administrative efficiency. The management system of total amount land reclamation should be established. In terms of legal liability, it is necessary to clarify the applicable conditions of restoration as a kind of legal responsibility and amend the calculation method of the penalty. At last, terms of criminal liability should be added to the Law.