村民小组:乡村治理的最小单元

Villager Groups:The Smallest Unit of Rural Governance

村民小组是乡村治理体系中最基层的治理单元,对乡村社会的治理发挥着重要作用。川西平原的村民小组呈现出有效治理的特征,并回应了农民在生产生活中的"公益性需求",体现了村民小组的组织动员能力、秩序维持能力和利益平衡能力。村民小组的治理能力并不是天然形成的,而是有赖于治理过程中治理主体、治理资源、治理动力和治理的合法性这四个维度的共同作用。作为农民与村级组织和国家之间的媒介,村民小组既能为小组内部提供基本的公共品服务,同时有利于国家政策在基层的顺利执行。因此,随着后税费时代国家治理的转型,需要积极培育村民小组的治理能力,拓展村民自治的实践形态,实现村民自治单位的下沉,从而提高乡村治理的绩效。

The villager group is the most basic management unit of rural grassroots governance system,which takes an important role in the management of rural society.Itisfoundedthattheeffectivegovernance of villager groups in the western Sichuan plainresponds the farmers＇ ＂public demand＂in their daily life,and reflects the villager groups＇ ability of organizational,mobilization,maintaining order and balancing interest.The villager groups＇ ability governing is not natural.This relies on the combined action of governance body,governance resources,management motivation and governance legitimacy.As a medium between farmers and village committee and nation,villager groups contribute to supplyingbasic public service and coordinating with the national policy execution in the village.With the transformation of national governance after tax and fee time,the governance capacity of villager groups should be cultivated and the practice form of villager autonomy should be expanded,so as to lower the villager autonomy unit and improve the performance of rural governance.