精神动员的仪式化现场:抗战时期的国民月会研究

The Ritual Scene of Spiritual Mobilization:The National Monthly Meeting during the Period of Anti-Japanese War

国民月会是民国时期盛行的仪式政治的特殊样本。作为国民精神总动员运动贯彻实施的主要途径,它以国家统制的形式,在特定的时空场景下,通过仪式的演练实现对民众的政治鼓动和精神动员。国民月会继承了总理纪念周的程序,并以国民抗敌公约的内容而代之。从1939年5月1日直至抗战结束,全国各地的国民月会盛况空前;在经历了初期的轰轰烈烈以后,后来逐渐成为国民政府进行战时民众教育和政策宣讲的场所。仪式化的国民月会强化了民众的现场感和参与感,这是其它的动员方式所无法比拟的;国民月会的刻板形式也不可避免地带有局限性,在客观上削弱了精神动员的实效。

The national monthly meeting was a special sample of the ritual politics in the Republic of China.It instigated the nation in the political agitationin and mobilized the nation in spirit in the form of the specific space and time scene.The monthly meeting had inherited the premier Memorial Week program,and its content was the national convention against the enemy.From May 1,1939 until the end of the war,the national monthly meeting had been helding unprecedentedly.It became gradually the place of the wartime public education and policy propaganda of National Government.The ritualized meeting strengthened people＇s sense of the scene and the sense of participation.It was incomparable by other mobilization methods.The national monthly meeting inevitably had some limitations due to its rigid formand weakened the effectiveness of the spirit mobilization.