论国际移民问题的主流理论、观念分歧及政策焦点

On the Theoretical Interpretation,Perception Divergence,and Policy Focus of International Migration

人员跨境流动中的国际移民,多样性、复杂性和争议性并存,这引发了人们对与之相关的国家安全关切、伦理道德判断和全球治理的关联性思考,进而催生了学界对国际移民进行理论建构的努力。移民问题的观念分歧,即经济增长的实用主义观、自由主义的权利观、传统的族群观等,对国家制定移民政策均发挥着各自的影响,并导致争议不断。当下移民问题政策辩论的焦点在于:一是与低级政治相对应,辩论尤其聚焦于移民与安全的关系问题;二是与社会中心论相对应,辩论尤其聚焦于移民控制与国家权力扩张的关系问题;三是与主动吸纳移民主张相对应,辩论尤其聚焦于"非法"移民驱离问题。对于中国来说,制定符合现实国情的国际移民政策成为一项紧迫课题。

International migration has become an urgent global issue increasingly related to national security, human ethics, and global governance, prompting a new round of international academic effort at theoretical construction. Perception divergence on international migration can be classified into three categories: pragmatic views centered on economic growth; liberal and right-based views, and more traditional ethnicity-based views. A low politics-related debate on international migration focuses on the relationship between migration and security; a social-centric debate focuses on the relationship between immigration control and national power expansion; and a debate over immigration absorption focuses on deportation of illegal immigrants. As far as China is concerned, it is an urgent task to formulate an immigration policy that reflects national conditions and serves national interest.