《禹贡》条例

Stylistic Rules Embodied in “Tribute of Yü”of Book of History

历来言经文"书法"义例者,本自《春秋》学,多就经文归纳凡例,发明义理,其后放例而至于《易》《礼》《尚书》诸经,是为汉晋诸儒"比经推例"之重要方法。《尚书·禹贡》一篇,朱子称其"条理精密而义例可推",故言其"书法"义例者,今可考见,前儒马融、郑玄开其端,《尚书》孔传承之,洎孔颖达等编定《五经正义》亦间有称述,至宋儒如蔡沉、林之奇、程大昌、毛晃等或专研《禹贡》,或疏注《尚书》,其言加详。或因《蔡传》之影响,后儒对其续有论述,如胡瓒、胡渭、牟庭等,并将施用于地理考证、经文校勘等。至现代亦不乏继踵者,然多为零散论述,缺乏系统而全面的专论。文中首先探讨"书法"义例等解经方法如何由《春秋》学而推衍至于《尚书·禹贡》,其后则在历代《禹贡》注释及考论之基础上略仿前儒治《春秋》之法,以《禹贡》经文为中心,排比归纳,前后互证,为之发凡起例,粗成义例十二条。各条之下,先引述前人论述,然后加以梳理考辨,总名之曰"《禹贡》条例"。

Generally,the exploration of stylistic rules applying to classical Confucian writings focused on works in relation to Chunqiu,or the Spring and Autumn Annals.Scholars intensively worked on the interpretations of historical cases and their implications in Chunqiu and then re-applied the Chunqiu-styled rules to their explorations of other Confucian classics such as Book of Changes,Three Books of Rites and Book of History.The writing of Yugong,or the'Tribute of Yü,'in Book of History perfectly embodied the Confucian stylistic rules.Nevertheless,it was seldom intensively discussed.The present paper attempts to offer a groundbreaking research on the Yugong-styled stylistic rules.Consulting extensively works done to the rules of Chunqiu and perusing intensively the text of Yugong,it revealingly(re-)examines in detail the twelve Yugong-styled rules.