试论宋代法律体系的多元结构——以宋令为例

The Song's Diversified Legal System Embodied in Ling,or Statutes

宋代法律体系呈现多元结构,如海行法、在京法、特定事务之法、特定地域之法、特定官司之法。以宋令为例,其关系呈现如下:在京法可细分为两大类,分别对应海行法与特定事务之法,这可由命名方式体现,前者如"在京通用令",后者如"在京禄令";而特定事务之法同样可以作海行与特定二分。不同类型的法律规范或处于平行状态,如海行法与在京法,或处于上下交叉状态,如特定官司之法吸收海行法、在京法等条文,或呈现动态转换的关系,如海行法的个别条文会发展出一部特定事务之法,进而又会产生出海行法的特定篇章。

Song's legal system was diversely composed of laws that could be generally used,exclusively applied to the capital,and specifically applied to certain affairs,regions and governmental offices.The present paper sheds light on the relationships of such diversified laws by means of detailed analyses of Song statutes.The laws applied exclusively to the capital could be dichotomized and respectively corresponded to the general law and laws applied to specific affairs.This point could be found in the titles of concerned statutes.In the same vein,laws applied to specific affairs could be dichotomized.Overall,in Song's legal system differing laws might parallelly coexist,vertically intersect,and dynamically interconvert.