1980年以来美国的饮食历史研究

The History of American Food and Eating since 1980

美国饮食历史研究滥觞于20世纪80年代,几十年间发展势头颇为迅猛,涌现出大量的优秀成果和作品。1980年代以前的零星作品多以单纯追溯饮食本身的历史发展与记录饮食民俗为主要研究内容,此后的研究具有更为广阔的视野和维度,引入了社会和文化等新鲜视角,探讨的议题主要有:饮食与社会变迁、饮食的文化意义和功能、饮食与生态环境和人类健康的关系,饮食中的政治问题以及饮食文化潮流等多个方面。饮食历史的兴起拓宽了历史研究的内容,标志着新史学的发展和进步。

Historical studies on American food and eating have emerged since the 1980s.This field has been developing so fast that a large number of excellent works have come out during the past decades.Before the1980s,the very small number of studies in this field had either documented food history or recorded eating customs of American people.In the new era,researchers began to deal with more research topics and brought new perspectives into this emerging field.There are some subsections on examining food historiography:food and societal change;the cultural significance of food;food,ecological environment and human health;food politics;food culture,etc.The rise of food history enriches the contents of historical studies and signifies the development of'New History'.