国际公众科学领域演化路径与研究热点分析

Evolution Path and Hot Topics of Citizen Science Studies

【目的】通过厘清国际公众科学领域的源流与研究现状,为今后该领域的探索提供参考与借鉴。【文献范围】选取Web of Science(WOS)核心数据集作为文献数据来源,以公众科学(Citizen Science)、群智科学(Crowd Science)等关键词以及项目名称进行主题检索,共得到相关文献1 796篇。【方法】借助文献计量、社会网络、内容分析等方法,结合可视化工具,对公众科学研究的演化路径、研究热点及国际图书情报学科中公众科学主题的研究现状进行深入分析。【结果】结果表明,随着互联网的发展和各类智能移动终端的普及,群体智慧和开放科学范式受到高度关注,基于群体参与及协作的公众科学研究正处于快速发展阶段。目前的研究热点可以归纳为三个层面,即项目视角、理论方法视角以及参与者视角。此外,尽管以往公众科学的研究主力集中在自然科学领域,但在国际上图书情报学科对于公众科学方向的探索具有起点高、发力强等特点,蕴含很大的发展潜力。【局限】仅使用WOS核心数据集作为数据来源,没有包含领域会议论文,故而数据存在偏差;仅根据关键词进行主题演化分析,没有以全文数据为分析样本。【结论】图书情报领域作为兼具资源管理优势与数据管理优势的传统学科,势必将对公众科学的研究发挥重要作用。

[Objective] This paper investigates the origin and status quo of citizen science related studies abroad, aiming to promote the development of similar research in China. [Coverage] We retrieved 1 796 papers from the Web of Science （WOS） core collection, using the keywords ＂citizen science＂ or ＂crowd science＂. [Methods] We employed the methods of bibliometrics, social network and content analysis, as well as visualization tools, to illustrate the evolution path of citizen science and the popular research topics. This paper also analyzed the citizen science research in Library and Information Science. [Results] We found that the crowd wisdom and open science paradigm were highly emphasized thanks to the development of the Intemet and mobile technologies. Citizen science had been growing rapidly and included the following perspectives, project, theoretical and participant studies. Although the main focus of citizen science research was on natural science, the Library and Information Science had promising outcomes. [Limitations] We did not include conference papers and full text analysis in this study. [Conclusions] Library and Information Science could play an important role in the future study of citizen science.