西藏工布江达县珍稀藏药植物资源特征及其保护

Characteristics and Protection of Rare Tibetan Medicinal Plant Resources in Gongbujiangda County,Tibet

目的:调查分析西藏工布江达县珍稀药用植物种类、分布,药用部位单株平均重量、现存量、蕴藏量,药用植物功效及经济价值。方法:采用野外实地线路踏查、样点-样方套-样方调查、植物标本采集与鉴定、生物量取样及测定、市场调查及走访专家等方法。结果:工布江达县有69科234属433种植物,其中珍稀药用植物25种,适生面积共有54 933.43 hm^2。大花红景天药用部位单株平均重量最大,达25.00 g;川西小黄菊最小,仅为0.06 g。大花红景天现存量也最大,为781.25 kg/hm^2;川西小黄菊的最小,仅有0.76 kg/hm^2。25种珍稀药用植物资源蕴藏量为3 937.91 t,经济价值达10 465.91万元,单价较高的冬虫夏草和川贝母经济价值分别为844.58和221.33万元。结论:西藏工布江达县珍稀药用植物种类多、分布广、蕴藏量大、经济价值高、药理及功效独特而多样,建议加强科学研究、合理开发利用好该区珍稀药用植物资源。

Objective：To investigate and analyze on species and distribution of rare medicinal plants, average weight per plant, standing crop and reserves of medical parts as well as efficacy and economic value of medicinal plants in Gongbujiangda County, Tibet. Methods ： Field route survey, sampling point-quadrat-sampling survey, collection and identification of herbarium, sampling and measurement of biomass, market research and expert visiting were carried out in this study. Results ： There were 433 kinds of plants from 234 genera, 69 families in Gongbujiangda County, 25 kinds of which were rare medicinal plants, their suitable survival area was 54 933.43 hm2. For medicinal parts, the most high average weight per plant was Rhodiola crenulata, amounting to 25.00 g, Pyrethrum tatsienense was minimum, only 0. 06 g. Rhodiola crenulata had larger standing crops, which was 781.25 kg/hm2. Pyrethrum tatsienense had smaller standing crops, which was 0. 76 kg/hm2. The reserves of 25 kinds of rare medicinal plant resources in this county was 3 937. 91 t. The economic value of which was 104. 6591 million yuan, Ophiocordyceps sinensis and Fritillaria cirrhosa had higher price, and their economic values were 8. 4458 and 2. 2133 million yuan, respectively. Conclusion：There are many kinds of rare medicinal plant species ,which are widely distributed,large reserves, high economic value, and have a diverse pharmacological and efficacy in Gongbu- jiangda County. For these rare medicinal plants,it is suggested to strengthen the scientific research and maintain the utilization.